Perl6-Doc/share/table_index.pod
=head1 Perl 6 table index
This is the POD version of http://www.perlfoundation.org/perl6/index.cgi?perl_6_index_tablet
=head1 AUTHORS
This POD was generated by Ahmad M. Zawawi <ahmad.zawawi@gmail.com> via the tool:
http://svn.perlide.org/padre/trunk/Padre-Plugin-Perl6/parse_perl6_table_index.pl
For authors of the original wiki place, see:
http://www.perlfoundation.org/perl6/index.cgi?action=revision_list;page_name=perl_table_index
=head1 LICENSE
Copyright (c) 2006-2009 under the same (always latest) license(s) used by the Perl 6 /src
branch of the Pugs trunk.
=head1 Table index
=head2 C<<< ! >>>
=over
=item - logical negation, forces binary context;
=item (twigil) - twigil of private class and object variables
=item <op> (meta op) - negates (mostly comparsion operators)
=back
=head2 C<<< !! >>>
=over
=item - second Part of the ternary (conditional) operator after ??
=back
=head2 C<<< !!! >>>
=over
=item (yadda op) - yadda Operator that calles die
=back
=head2 C<<< " " >>>
=over
=item (quoting op) - double quoting, interpolate with :s, :a, :h, :f, :c, :b (all vars, functions, blocks, control chars), alias to qq//*
=back
=head2 C<<< # >>>
=over
=item - starts a comment that continues to the end of the line; works even inside regexes as (regex Metachar)
=back
=head2 C<<< #`( ) >>>
=over
=item - starts a multi line comment that continues to the end of the line or bracket, works with any combination of bracket pairs
=back
=head2 C<<< $ >>>
=over
=item (sigil) - prefix of scalar vars
=item (regex Metachar) - end of the string
=back
=head2 C<<< $$ >>>
=over
=item (regex Metachar) - end of a line
=back
=head2 C<<< $() >>>
=over
=item (conext op) - forces scalar context, alias to item()
=back
=head2 C<<< % >>>
=over
=item (sigil) - prefix of hash variables
=item (numeric op) - gives remainder of a modulo division, forces numeric context
=back
=head2 C<<< %% >>>
=over
=item (numeric op) - Bool::True if the left is evenly divisible by right value
=back
=head2 C<<< %() >>>
=over
=item (conext op) - forces hash context, alias to the hash() function
=back
=head2 C<<< & >>>
=over
=item (sigil) - sigil of the callable namespace
=item - junctive and, requires that all conditions are met
=item (regex Metachar) - match multiple patterns (AND - connection of patterns)
=back
=head2 C<<< && >>>
=over
=item (logical op) - logical and, conditonal statements, ends evaluation on the first false expression, returns boolean result
=back
=head2 C<<< ' ' >>>
=over
=item (quoting op) - simple quoting, just / and ' needs o be quoted, alias to q//
=back
=head2 C<<< () >>>
=over
=item - grouping of values (parameters)
=item (regex Metachar) - encompass a subregex/submatch
=back
=head2 C<<< * >>>
=over
=item (numeric op) - multiplies numbers and forces numeric context on parameters;
=item (term) - synonym for Inf (Whatever) in connection with a Range operator (".."); marks the end of an array in a slice operator so that negative indices access array elements relative to one beyond the final element
=item - marks as prefix slurpy arrays in signatures
=item (twigil) - secondary sigil of global variables
=back
=head2 C<<< ** >>>
=over
=item (numeric op) - raises a number to a power and forces numeric context
=item (regex Metachar) - multiplies char or group like x (strig op) outside of regex, (ha)**3 equals (hahaha)
=back
=head2 C<<< + >>>
=over
=item (conext op), (numeric op) - forces numeric context of values and adds results
=back
=head2 C<<< +& >>>
=over
=item (numeric op) - bitwise and, numeric context
=back
=head2 C<<< ++ >>>
=over
=item (prefix & suffix op) - generic autoincrement, calls internal iterator of that object, before (prefix) or after (suffix) the evaluation of the surrounding term
=back
=head2 C<<< +< >>>
=over
=item (numeric op) - shift left in numeric kontext
=back
=head2 C<<< +> >>>
=over
=item (numeric op) - shift right in numeric kontext
=back
=head2 C<<< +^ >>>
=over
=item (numeric op) - bitwise xor in numeric context
=back
=head2 C<<< +| >>>
=over
=item (numeric op) - bitwise or in numeric context
=back
=head2 C<<< , >>>
=over
=item - list generating operator
=back
=head2 C<<< - >>>
=over
=item (numeric op) - forces numeric context and subtract
=back
=head2 C<<< -- >>>
=over
=item (prefix & suffix op) - generic autodecrement, calls internal iterator of that object, before (prefix) or after (suffix) the evaluation of the surrounding term
=back
=head2 C<<< --> >>>
=over
=item - alternative syntax to type a parameter
=back
=head2 C<<< -> >>>
=over
=item - assigns a named parameter for a block (pointy block)
=back
=head2 C<<< . >>>
=over
=item - secondary sigil for public accessors (getter/setter)
=item (regex Metachar) - really any character (unlike Perl 5)
=back
=head2 C<<< .. >>>
=over
=item - range generating operator; range object in scalar context, see smartmatch table
=back
=head2 C<<< ... >>>
=over
=item (op) - infix operator for list generation
=item (yadda op) - term that calls fail (exception), marks unimplemented empty routine bodies
=back
=head2 C<<< / >>>
=over
=item (numeric op) - division, numeric context
=back
=head2 C<<< // >>>
=over
=item (numeric op) - returns the first defined value, similar to orelse
=back
=head2 C<<< : >>>
=over
=item - pair generation operator, also known as adverbial syntax
=item (filetest op) - start of all file text ops, syntax: ":" ~ one (<r w x o R W X O e z s f d l p S b c t u g k T B M A C>)
=item (twigil) - for autogenerated named parameters of a block
=item - marks as prefix named parameter in a signature
=item - (flow control) - endchar of all labels, jou can jump to (see also goto)
=back
=head2 C<<< :: >>>
=over
=item (sigil) - abstraction sigil, name space separator (like in Perl 5)
=back
=head2 C<<< ::= >>>
=over
=item - binding a value or variable to a variable at compile time
=back
=head2 C<<< := >>>
=over
=item - creates an alias to a variable at runtime (binding)
=back
=head2 C<<< :O >>>
=over
=item (filetest op) - tests if file is owned by real uid
=back
=head2 C<<< :P5 >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - activate old Perl 5 regex rules, alias to :Perl5
=back
=head2 C<<< :Perl5 >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - activate old Perl 5 regex rules, alias to :P5
=back
=head2 C<<< :R >>>
=over
=item (filetest op) - check if file is readable by real uid/gid
=back
=head2 C<<< :S >>>
=over
=item (filetest op) - file is a socket
=back
=head2 C<<< :W >>>
=over
=item (filetest op) - check if file is writeable by real uid/gid
=back
=head2 C<<< :X >>>
=over
=item (filetest op) - check if file is executable by real uid/gid
=back
=head2 C<<< :a >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) - demands evaluation of array variables, short form of ":array", included in "", qq and <<>>
=item (regex modifier) - no distinction between same chars with or without accent (funny symbols above), short for ":ignoreaccent"
=back
=head2 C<<< :aa >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - only for substitutions, replacing with chars that have the same accent pattern as the replaced, short for ":sameaccent"
=back
=head2 C<<< :array >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) - demands evaluation of array variables, long form of ":a", included in "", qq and <<>>
=back
=head2 C<<< :b >>>
=over
=item (filetest op) - file is a block special file (e.g. Harddisks, CDROMs and RAM areas)
=item (quoting adverb) - forces evaluation of escape sequences, short form of _":backslash", included in "", qq and <<>>
=back
=head2 C<<< :b<n> >>>
=over
=item - general radix form for literals, makes a number n in base b (up to 36), for example :2<1000001> is 65
=back
=head2 C<<< :backslash >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) _ - forces evaluation of escape sequences, long form of ":b", included in "", qq and <<>>
=back
=head2 C<<< :bytes >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - searching on byte level, (see also chars, codes, graphs)
=back
=head2 C<<< :c >>>
=over
=item (filetest op) - file is a character special file (e.g. terminals modems)
=item (quoting adverb) - forces evaluation of closures (blocks aka { ... }) inside quotes, long form of ":closure", included in "", qq and <<>>
=item (<n>) (regex modifier) - searching from nth (n is an int) position (counting from 0) and then going to the right, short for ":continue"
=back
=head2 C<<< :chars >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - searching on character level (default), (see also bytes, codes, graphs)
=back
=head2 C<<< :closure >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) - forces evaluation of closures (blocks aka { ... }) inside quotes, long form of ":c", included in "", qq and <<>>
=back
=head2 C<<< :code >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) - quasi quoting, the commented will be compiles and the AST will be returned as result, see also: quasi
=back
=head2 C<<< :codes >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - searching on codepoint level (between codepoints), (see also bytes, chars, graphs)
=back
=head2 C<<< :continue >>>
=over
=item (<n>) - (regex modifier) - searching from nth (n is an int) position (counting from 0) and then going to the right, short for ":c"
=back
=head2 C<<< :d >>>
=over
=item (filetest op) - check if file is a directory
=back
=head2 C<<< :double >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) - double quoting, "q" with interpolation of variables, alias to "...", qq /.../ and Q :s, :a, :h, :f, :c, :b /.../, long for ":qq"
=back
=head2 C<<< :e >>>
=over
=item (filetest op) - tests if file exists
=back
=head2 C<<< :ex >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - searching at all positions as long as it findes something (with backtracking), short for ":exhaustive"
=back
=head2 C<<< :exec >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) - quoted string will be executed and replaced with its result, alias to Q :x and qx //
=back
=head2 C<<< :exhaustive >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - searching at all positions as long as it findes something (with backtracking), long for ":ex"
=back
=head2 C<<< :f >>>
=over
=item (filetest op) - file is a plain file (no socket or dir, ...etc.)
=item (quoting adverb) - demands evaluation of functions (subs and methods), that start with "&" and replacing them with the result, long form of ":function", included in "", qq and <<>>
=back
=head2 C<<< :function >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) - demands evaluation of functions (subs and methods), that start with "&" and replacing them with the result, long form of ":f", included in "", qq and <<>>
=back
=head2 C<<< :g >>>
=over
=item (filetest op) - report if file has setgid bit set
=item (regex modifier) - searching for any finding (not just the first), short for :global
=back
=head2 C<<< :global >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - searching for any finding (not just the first), long for :g
=back
=head2 C<<< :graphs >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - searching on the level of language-independent graphemes, (see also bytes, chars, codes)
=back
=head2 C<<< :h >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) - demands evaluation of hash variables, long form of ":hash", included in "", qq and <<>>
=back
=head2 C<<< :hash >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) - demands evaluation of hash variables, long form of ":h", included in "", qq and <<>>
=back
=head2 C<<< :heredoc >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) - defines end marker for the following heredoc, :heredoc is equal to :to
=back
=head2 C<<< :i >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - uppercase and lowercase variants of a letter are taken as the same letter, short for ":ignorecase" (same as in Perl 5)
=back
=head2 C<<< :ignoreaccent >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - no distinction between same chars with or without accent (funny symbols above), short for ":a"
=back
=head2 C<<< :ignorecase >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - uppercase and lowercase variants of a letter are taken as the same letter, long for ":i" (same as in Perl 5)
=back
=head2 C<<< :ignoremark >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - comparing base characters (Unicode non-mark characters) while ignoring any trailing mark characters, long for ":m"
=back
=head2 C<<< :ii >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - only for substitutions, replacing with chars that have the same case pattern as the replaced, short for ":samecase"
=back
=head2 C<<< :k >>>
=over
=item (filetest op) - report if file has sticky bit set
=back
=head2 C<<< :keepall >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - forces subrules to memorize everything (even comments)
=back
=head2 C<<< :l >>>
=over
=item (filetest op) - file is a symbolic link
=back
=head2 C<<< :m >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - comparing base characters (Unicode non-mark characters) while ignoring any trailing mark characters, short for ":ignoremark"
=back
=head2 C<<< :mm >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - substitute with chars that has same mark/accent pattern as the matched string, short for ":samemark"
=back
=head2 C<<< :o >>>
=over
=item (filetest op) - tests if file is owned by effective uid
=back
=head2 C<<< :ov >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - searching at all positions just one time (with backtracking), short for ":overlap"
=back
=head2 C<<< :overlap >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - searching at all positions just one time (with backtracking), long for ":ov"
=back
=head2 C<<< :p >>>
=over
=item (filetest op) - file is a named pipe (FIFO), or filehandle is a pipe
=item (quoting adverb) - quote paths and create path object that know the right format of the current $*OS with Q :p /.../, short for :path
=item (<n>) (regex modifier) - searching only on the nth (n is an int) position (counting from 0), short for ":pos"
=back
=head2 C<<< :panic >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - overwriting a possible set :ratchet for all subrules (activates backtracking)
=back
=head2 C<<< :path >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) - quote paths and create path object that know the right format of the current $*OS with Q :path /.../, long for :p
=back
=head2 C<<< :pos >>>
=over
=item (<n>) (regex modifier) - searching only on the nth (n is an int) position (counting from 0), long for ":p"
=back
=head2 C<<< :q >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) - simple quoting (slashes and '), alias to '...' and q /.../, short for ":single"
=back
=head2 C<<< :qq >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) - double quoting, "q" with interpolation of variables, alias to "...", qq /.../ and Q :s, :a, :h, :f, :c, :b /.../, short for ":double"
=back
=head2 C<<< :quotewords >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) - split quoted string on words (on whitespaces) with quote protection (like in shell - '' and "" sourround words), long form of ":quotewords", used in < ... > and << ... >>
=back
=head2 C<<< :r >>>
=over
=item (filetest op) - check if file is readable by effective uid/gid
=back
=head2 C<<< :ratchet >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - deactivates backtracking, search starts at pos, where last match ended
=back
=head2 C<<< :regex >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) - parse as quoted string as regex
=back
=head2 C<<< :rw >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - gives the regex the right to change the string (operand)
=back
=head2 C<<< :s >>>
=over
=item (filetest op) - file has size greater than 0
=item (quoting adverb) - demands evaluation of scalar variables, long form of ":scalar", included in "", qq and <<>>
=item (regex modifier) - whitespace separates now subregex and don't stand for spaces to look for, short for ":sigspace", mm// is alias to m:sigspace//
=back
=head2 C<<< :sameaccent >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - only for substitutions, replacing with chars that have the same accent pattern as the replaced, long for ":aa"
=back
=head2 C<<< :samecase >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - only for substitutions, replacing with chars that have the same case pattern as the replaced, long for ":ii"
=back
=head2 C<<< :samemark >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - substitute with chars that has same mark/accent pattern as the matched string, long for ":mm"
=back
=head2 C<<< :samespace >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - smart space mapping for substitutions, long for ":ss", ss// is alias to s:samespace///, (ss/teh hsa/the has/;)
=back
=head2 C<<< :scalar >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) - demands evaluation of scalar variables, long form of ":s", included in "", qq and <<>>
=back
=head2 C<<< :sigspace >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - whitespace separates now subregex and don't stand for spaces to look for, long for for ":s", mm// is alias to m:sigspace//
=back
=head2 C<<< :single >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) - simple quoting (slashes and '), alias to '...' and q /.../, long for ":q"
=back
=head2 C<<< :ss >>>
=over
=item (regex modifier) - only for for substitution, whitespace separates subregexes like :sigspace, but also in the second part, short for ":samespace"
=back
=head2 C<<< :subst >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) - parse as substitution
=back
=head2 C<<< :t >>>
=over
=item (filetest op) - filehandle is opened to a tty (terminal)
=back
=head2 C<<< :to >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) - defines end marker for the following heredoc, :to is short for :heredoc
=back
=head2 C<<< :trans >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) - evals the quoted as transliteration aka tr ///
=back
=head2 C<<< :u >>>
=over
=item (filetest op) - report if file has setuid bit set
=back
=head2 C<<< :w >>>
=over
=item (filetest op) - check if file is writeable by effective uid/gid
=item (quoting adverb) - split quoted string on words (on whitespaces), no quote protection, short form of ":words", used in qw//
=back
=head2 C<<< :words >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) - split quoted string on words (on whitespaces), no quote protection, long form of ":w", used in qw//
=back
=head2 C<<< :ww >>>
=over
=item (quoting adverb) - split quoted string on words (on whitespaces) with quote protection (like in shell - '' and "" sourround words), short form of ":quotewords", used in < ... > and << ... >>
=back
=head2 C<<< :x >>>
=over
=item (filetest op) - check if file is executable by effective uid/gid
=item (quoting adverb) - quoted string will be executed and replaced with its result, alias to Q :exec and qx //
=item (<n>) (regex modifier) - searching n times (n is an int) with this pattern
=back
=head2 C<<< ; >>>
=over
=item - seperates commands (statements) or array indices eg @[2;3] instead of @a[2][3]
=back
=head2 C<<< < >>>
=over
=item - less than, numeric comparison operator
=back
=head2 C<<< <-> >>>
=over
=item double pointy syntax to assign a rw parameter to a block
=back
=head2 C<<< << >>>
=over
=item (meta op) - applies the operator on the left as hyper operator to the array on the right
=back
=head2 C<<< <<== >>>
=over
=item - leftward pointing feed operator that adds values to an existing list (append-mode)
=back
=head2 C<<< <<>>>"{link: [Perl 6 IO Tablet] Quote Words} --> >>>
=over
=item (quoting op) - circumfix quoting operator for grouping with autoquoting and evaluation (alias to Q :qq :ww /.../)
=back
=head2 C<<< <= >>>
=over
=item - less than or equal, numeric comparison operator
=back
=head2 C<<< <== >>>
=over
=item - leftward pointing feed operator
=back
=head2 C<<< <=> >>>
=over
=item - numeric less-equal-greater comparison for Order class
=back
=head2 C<<< <> >>>
=over
=item (regex metachar) - embraces an subrule (assertion)
=back
=head2 C<<< <>"{link: [Perl 6 IO Tablet] Quote Words} --> >>>
=over
=item (quoting op) - circumfix quoting operator for grouping with autoquoting (alias to Q :q :ww /.../ or qw/.../)
=back
=head2 C<<< <op>= >>>
=over
=item (meta op) - self assignment, left side is one oper and the result is assigned to ($a += 3; equals $a = $a + 3)
=back
=head2 C<<< <var>[] >>>
=over
=item - postcircumfix operator, appended on an array var, returns an array slice with values which indexes was inside the brackets
=back
=head2 C<<< = >>>
=over
=item (Op) - assignment, right side is evaluated and assigned to the left
=back
=head2 C<<< =:= >>>
=over
=item (comparison op) - compares binding, if both vars are bound to same memory location
=back
=head2 C<<< == >>>
=over
=item (comparison op) - equality of value (numeric)
=back
=head2 C<<< === >>>
=over
=item (comparison op) - identity, equality of value and type
=back
=head2 C<<< ==> >>>
=over
=item (Op) - rightward pointing feed operator
=back
=head2 C<<< ==>> >>>
=over
=item (Op) - rightward pointing feed operator that adds values to an existing list (append-mode)
=back
=head2 C<<< => >>>
=over
=item (comparison op) - pair (and hash) constructor, fatarrow
=back
=head2 C<<< > >>>
=over
=item (comparison op) - greater than, numeric comparison operator; ends grouping with autoquoting (formerly qw())
=back
=head2 C<<< >= >>>
=over
=item (comparison op) - greater than or equal, numeric comparison Op
=back
=head2 C<<< >> >>>
=over
=item (meta op) - binds operator (right) as hyper operator to an array (left)
=back
=head2 C<<< ? >>>
=over
=item (conext op) - forces binary context in an expression
=item - marks as postfix optional parameters in signatures
=item - quantifier for 0 or 1 occurrence in Regexes
=item (twigil) - secondary sigil for constant compiler hint variables
=back
=head2 C<<< ?& >>>
=over
=item - logical op, and combinator, forces binary context
=back
=head2 C<<< ?? !! >>>
=over
=item (logical op) - ternary or conditional operator
=back
=head2 C<<< ??? >>>
=over
=item (yadda op) - yadda operator that calles warn
=back
=head2 C<<< ?^ >>>
=over
=item - logical xor, forces operands into boolean context
=back
=head2 C<<< ?| >>>
=over
=item - logical or, forces operands into boolean context
=back
=head2 C<<< @ >>>
=over
=item (sigil) - sigil of an array
=back
=head2 C<<< @() >>>
=over
=item (conext op) - forces (flattened) array context, alias to list() function
=back
=head2 C<<< Any >>>
=over
=item (undefined value type) - Perl 6 object (default routine parameter type, excludes junction)
=back
=head2 C<<< Array >>>
=over
=item (mutable type) - Perl Array, a series of Scalar value container, or a variable that stores such a list
=back
=head2 C<<< BEGIN >>>
=over
=item "(closure trait)"{} - marks a special block or statement, executed at compile time, ASAP, only ever runs once
=back
=head2 C<<< Bag >>>
=over
=item (immutable type) - unordered collection of values that allows duplicates
=back
=head2 C<<< Bit >>>
=over
=item (immutable type) - Perl single bit (allows traits, aliasing, undef, etc.)
=back
=head2 C<<< Blob >>>
=over
=item - (immutable type) - An undifferentiated mass of bits
=back
=head2 C<<< Block >>>
=over
=item (immutable type) - Executable objects that have lexical scopes (enclosed by curly braces)
=back
=head2 C<<< Bool >>>
=over
=item (immutable type) - Perl boolean
=back
=head2 C<<< Buf >>>
=over
=item (mutable type) - Perl buffer (a stringish array of memory locations)
=back
=head2 C<<< CATCH >>>
=over
=item (closure trait) - marks a special block to catch exceptions, before LEAVE
=back
=head2 C<<< CHECK >>>
=over
=item (closure trait) - marks a special block or statement, executed at compile time, ALAP, only ever runs once
=back
=head2 C<<< CONTROL >>>
=over
=item (closure trait) - marks a special block to catch control exceptions (like next/last/return etc), before LEAVE
=back
=head2 C<<< Capture >>>
=over
=item (immutable type) - Function call arguments (right-hand side of a binding)
=back
=head2 C<<< Code >>>
=over
=item - data typ for code references of any kind
=back
=head2 C<<< Complex >>>
=over
=item (immutable type) - Perl complex number
=back
=head2 C<<< Cool >>>
=over
=item (undefined value type) - Perl 6 Convenient OO Loopbacks,
=back
=head2 C<<< Duration >>>
=over
=item - (immutable type) - The difference between two Instants
=back
=head2 C<<< END >>>
=over
=item (closure trait) - marks a special block, executed at run time, ALAP, only ever runs once
=back
=head2 C<<< ENTER >>>
=over
=item (closure trait) - marks a special block or statement, executed at every block entry time, repeats on loop blocks
=back
=head2 C<<< Enum >>>
=over
=item (immutable type) - An immutable Pair
=back
=head2 C<<< EnumMap >>>
=over
=item (immutable type) - A mapping of Enums with no duplicate keys
=back
=head2 C<<< Exception >>>
=over
=item (immutable type) - Perl exception, errors or abnormal events interfering with normal execution, which Perl 6 can both generate and handle
=back
=head2 C<<< FIRST >>>
=over
=item (closure trait) - marks a special block or statement, executed at loop initialization time, before any ENTER
=back
=head2 C<<< Failure >>>
=over
=item (undefined value type) - data type object for an error, thrown by an unhandled exception
=back
=head2 C<<< FatRat >>>
=over
=item (immutable type) - Perl rational (unlimited precision in both parts)
=back
=head2 C<<< HOW >>>
=over
=item (introspection method) - (reserved for documentation)
=back
=head2 C<<< HardRoutine >>>
=over
=item - (immutable type) - A routine that is committed to not changing
=back
=head2 C<<< Hash >>>
=over
=item (mutable type) - Perl hash, a two column table of Scalar, values in one column are keys to refer to the values in the other column
=back
=head2 C<<< INIT >>>
=over
=item (closure trait) - marks a special block or statement, executed at run time, ASAP, only ever runs once
=back
=head2 C<<< IO >>>
=over
=item (mutable type) - Perl filehandle
=back
=head2 C<<< Inf >>>
=over
=item - infinity, to generate infinite lazy lists
=back
=head2 C<<< Instant >>>
=over
=item - (immutable type) - A point on the continuous atomic timeline
=back
=head2 C<<< Int >>>
=over
=item (immutable type) - Perl integer (allows Inf/NaN, arbitrary precision, etc.)
=back
=head2 C<<< Iterator >>>
=over
=item (mutable type) - Perl list
=back
=head2 C<<< KEEP >>>
=over
=item (closure trait) - marks a special block, executed at every successful block exit, part of LEAVE queue
=back
=head2 C<<< KeyBag >>>
=over
=item (mutable type) - KeyHash of UInt (does Bag in list/array context)
=back
=head2 C<<< KeySet >>>
=over
=item (mutable type) - KeyHash of Bool (does Set in list/array context)
=back
=head2 C<<< LAST >>>
=over
=item (closure trait) - marks a special block, executed at loop termination time, after any LEAVE
=back
=head2 C<<< LEAVE >>>
=over
=item (closure trait) - marks a special block, executed at every block exit time
=back
=head2 C<<< Macro >>>
=over
=item (mutable type) - Perl compile-time subroutine
=back
=head2 C<<< Match >>>
=over
=item (mutable type) - Perl match, usually produced by applying a pattern
=back
=head2 C<<< Method >>>
=over
=item (mutable type) - Perl method
=back
=head2 C<<< Mu >>>
=over
=item (undefined value type) - most (generic) undefined object
=back
=head2 C<<< NEXT >>>
=over
=item (closure trait) - marks a special block, executed at loop continuation time, before any LEAVE
=back
=head2 C<<< Num >>>
=over
=item (immutable type) - Perl number (approximate Real, generally via floating point)
=back
=head2 C<<< POST >>>
=over
=item (closure trait) - marks a special block, assert postcondition, executed at every block exit, after LEAVE
=back
=head2 C<<< PRE >>>
=over
=item (closure trait) - marks a special block, assert precondition, executed at every block entry, before ENTER
=back
=head2 C<<< Pair >>>
=over
=item (mutable type) - A single key-to-value association
=back
=head2 C<<< PairSeq >>>
=over
=item (mutable type) - A Seq of Pairs
=back
=head2 C<<< Parcel >>>
=over
=item - (immutable type) - Arguments in a comma list
=back
=head2 C<<< Q >>>
=over
=item (generalized quoting op) - understands a list of adverbs
=back
=head2 C<<< R >>>
=over
=item <op> (meta op) - reverse operands
=back
=head2 C<<< Range >>>
=over
=item (immutable type) - A pair of ordered endpoints
=back
=head2 C<<< RangeIter >>>
=over
=item (mutable type) - Iterator over a Range
=back
=head2 C<<< Rat >>>
=over
=item (immutable type) - Perl rational (exact Real, limited denominator)
=back
=head2 C<<< Regex >>>
=over
=item (mutable type) - Perl pattern
=back
=head2 C<<< Routine >>>
=over
=item (mutable type) - Base class for all wrappable executable objects
=back
=head2 C<<< S >>>
=over
=item <op> (meta op) - force sequential (synchronous) evaluation, suppresses any explicit or implicit parallelism
=back
=head2 C<<< START >>>
=over
=item (closure trait) - marks a special block or statement, executed on first ever execution, once per closure clone
=back
=head2 C<<< Scalar >>>
=over
=item (mutable type) - Perl scalar, variable that holds a single value
=back
=head2 C<<< Seq >>>
=over
=item (immutable type) - A list of values (can be generated lazily)
=back
=head2 C<<< SeqIter >>>
=over
=item (mutable type) - Iterator over a Seq
=back
=head2 C<<< Set >>>
=over
=item (immutable type) - unordered collection of values that allows no duplicates
=back
=head2 C<<< Signature >>>
=over
=item - (immutable type) - Function parameters (left-hand side of a binding), surrounded by round parentheses
=back
=head2 C<<< SoftRoutine >>>
=over
=item (mutable type) - A routine that is committed to staying mutable
=back
=head2 C<<< Stash >>>
=over
=item (mutable type) - A symbol table hash (package, module, class, lexpad, etc)
=back
=head2 C<<< Str >>>
=over
=item (immutable type) - Perl string (finite sequence of Unicode characters)
=back
=head2 C<<< Sub >>>
=over
=item (mutable type) - Perl subroutine object
=back
=head2 C<<< Submethod >>>
=over
=item (mutable type) - Perl subroutine acting like a method
=back
=head2 C<<< UNDO >>>
=over
=item (closure trait) - marks a special block, executed at every unsuccessful block exit, part of LEAVE queue
=back
=head2 C<<< WHAT >>>
=over
=item (introspection method) - short name of the class that an object belongs to
=back
=head2 C<<< WHEN >>>
=over
=item (introspection method) - (reserved for events?)
=back
=head2 C<<< WHENCE >>>
=over
=item (introspection method) - autovivification of closures
=back
=head2 C<<< WHERE >>>
=over
=item (introspection method) - memory address of the object
=back
=head2 C<<< WHICH >>>
=over
=item (introspection method) - object ID (type)
=back
=head2 C<<< WHO >>>
=over
=item (introspection method) - package, that support that object, long name in string context
=back
=head2 C<<< WHY >>>
=over
=item (introspection method) - (reserved for documentation)
=back
=head2 C<<< Whatever >>>
=over
=item (undefined value type) - Wildcard (like Any, but subject to do-what-I-mean via multi method dispatch)
=back
=head2 C<<< X >>>
=over
=item (list op) - Cross product of two arrays, eg 1,2 X 3,4 == 1,3,1,4,2,3,2,4 ; alias of comb method
=item <op> (meta op) - Cross product with hyper operator, eg <a b> X~ <y z> == <ay az by bz>
=back
=head2 C<<< Z >>>
=over
=item (list op) - alias to zip (list op) , joines 2 lists eg 1,2,3,4 Z 8,9 == 1,8,2,9
=item <op> (meta op) - joines the values from same position of 2 lists with following operator and produces in that manner a new list
=back
=head2 C<<< [\<op>] >>>
=over
=item (meta op) - circumfix reduction metaop, applies above reduction to a series of lists made of array slices ranging in length from 1 to the complete length of the original list
=back
=head2 C<<< [] >>>
=over
=item - circumfix operator that creates a reference to an array that holds all values that encompas these brackets
=item (meta op) - circumfix reduction metaop, close to functional "reduce", applies the operator between all elements of an array
=back
=head2 C<<< \ >>>
=over
=item - capture generator, creates a reference to the following structure
=item - escape char, all escape sequences inside quotes and regexes start with it
=back
=head2 C<<< \0[<n>] >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - character given in octal (brackets optional)
=back
=head2 C<<< \B >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - Match when not on a word boundary
=back
=head2 C<<< \C[<n>] >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - any character except the bracketed named or control character
=back
=head2 C<<< \D >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - nondigit
=back
=head2 C<<< \E >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - anything but an escape character
=back
=head2 C<<< \F >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - anything but form feed
=back
=head2 C<<< \H >>>
=over
=item (escape sequence) - anything but horizontal whitespace
=back
=head2 C<<< \L[<n>] >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - everything within the brackets is lowercase
=back
=head2 C<<< \N >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - anything but (logical) newline
=back
=head2 C<<< \Q[<n>] >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - all metacharacters within the brackets match as literal characters
=back
=head2 C<<< \R >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - anything but return
=back
=head2 C<<< \S >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - anything but whitespace
=back
=head2 C<<< \T >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - anything but a tab
=back
=head2 C<<< \U[<n>] >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - everything within the brackets is uppercase
=back
=head2 C<<< \V >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - anything but vertical whitespace
=back
=head2 C<<< \W >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - anything but a word character
=back
=head2 C<<< \X[<n>] >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - anything but the character given in hexadecimal (brackets optional)
=back
=head2 C<<< \b >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - word boundary
=back
=head2 C<<< \c[<n>] >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - named character or control character
=back
=head2 C<<< \d >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - digit
=back
=head2 C<<< \e >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - escape character
=back
=head2 C<<< \f >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - form feed
=back
=head2 C<<< \h >>>
=over
=item (escape sequence) - horizontal whitespace
=back
=head2 C<<< \n >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - (logical) newline
=back
=head2 C<<< \r >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - return (CR), as in Perl 5
=back
=head2 C<<< \s >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - any whitespace character (\h or \v or \t)
=back
=head2 C<<< \t >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - tab, not visible character
=back
=head2 C<<< \v >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - vertical whitespace
=back
=head2 C<<< \w >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - word character (Unicode alphanumeric plus "_")
=back
=head2 C<<< \x[<n>] >>>
=over
=item escape sequence - character given in hexadecimal (brackets optional)
=back
=head2 C<<< ^ >>>
=over
=item - junctive xor, requires that one value in a list is true
=item - upto operator, ^$limit expands to 0 ..^ +$limit range
=item - in range definitions, it excludes a limit value, in scalar context see smartmatch
=item (twigil) - for autogenerated positional parameters of a block, position results from alphabetical order of all $^-Variables
=item (regex Metachar) - start of the string
=back
=head2 C<<< ^^ >>>
=over
=item - logical xor, combines expressions, returns true when only one expression is true, otherwise false
=item (regex Metachar) - start of a line
=back
=head2 C<<< abs >>>
=over
=item (numeric op) - returns numeric absolute value
=back
=head2 C<<< after >>>
=over
=item (comparison op) - generic comparison operator used by the Order class, true if left should follow right
=back
=head2 C<<< all >>>
=over
=item - junctive AND operator
=back
=head2 C<<< and >>>
=over
=item - logical AND operator
=back
=head2 C<<< andthen >>>
=over
=item - logical AND short circuit operator, transferring $_ from first to second block/command, if first do succeed
=back
=head2 C<<< anon >>>
=over
=item (scope declarator) - introduces names that aren't to be stored anywhere (anonymous)
=back
=head2 C<<< any >>>
=over
=item - junctive OR operator
=back
=head2 C<<< array() >>>
=over
=item (conext op) - forces array context, alias to @()
=back
=head2 C<<< as >>>
=over
=item (string method) - converts like sprintf
=item (routine trait) - inner type constraint that a routine imposes on its return value
=back
=head2 C<<< assoc >>>
=over
=item (routine trait) - specifies the associativity of an operator explicitly
=back
=head2 C<<< assuming >>>
=over
=item - method of all subroutine reference objects that enables Currying
=back
=head2 C<<< async >>>
=over
=item (block modifier) - allows the interpreter to parallelize the following
=back
=head2 C<<< augment >>>
=over
=item (scope declarator) - adds definitions to an existing name, inserts new methods and attributes into a class/grammar or replaces them
=back
=head2 C<<< before >>>
=over
=item (comparison op) - generic comparison operator used by the Order class, true when left should precede right
=back
=head2 C<<< break >>>
=over
=item (flow control) - leave this when clause block now
=back
=head2 C<<< but >>>
=over
=item - alters properties of a variable at run time
=back
=head2 C<<< bytes >>>
=over
=item (string method) - returns number of bytes used (a sort of length)
=back
=head2 C<<< cached >>>
=over
=item (routine trait) - marks a subroutine as being memoized
=back
=head2 C<<< call >>>
=over
=item - execute a subroutine
=back
=head2 C<<< caller >>>
=over
=item - object describing the code from which as routine was invoked
=back
=head2 C<<< callwith >>>
=over
=item - submethode by which one can call a sub with a different signature
=back
=head2 C<<< capitalize >>>
=over
=item - alias to a wordwise ucirst(lc($_)), makes first char of every word upper case, rest lowercase
=back
=head2 C<<< cat >>>
=over
=item (array method) - coverts values of a list into string context and joines them like with '~', alias to .join('')
=back
=head2 C<<< category >>>
=over
=item (grammatical category) - namespace of grammatical categories, in case you want to create a new one with a macro
=back
=head2 C<<< char >>>
=over
=item (num method) - convert number into charakter according a character table, reverse of ord
=back
=head2 C<<< chars >>>
=over
=item (string method) - returns number of characters
=back
=head2 C<<< chdir >>>
=over
=item - changes the current working directory ($*CWD)
=back
=head2 C<<< chmod >>>
=over
=item - changes access rights of files
=back
=head2 C<<< chomp >>>
=over
=item (string method) - returns a string with the last newline (if there is one) removed
=back
=head2 C<<< chop >>>
=over
=item (string method) - returns a string with the last character removed
=back
=head2 C<<< chown >>>
=over
=item - changes owner of files
=back
=head2 C<<< circumfix >>>
=over
=item (grammatical category) - operator namespace of ops, that stay after one statement or variable, but do surround a second (like braces in $a[2])
=back
=head2 C<<< class >>>
=over
=item (block modifier) - declares a collection of methods that define an object
=back
=head2 C<<< classify >>>
=over
=item (array method) - special form of map, to classify input values; the return value of the closure determines, under which key the value appears in the resulting hash
=back
=head2 C<<< close >>>
=over
=item (filehandle method) - releasing the connection to a file via a file handler
=back
=head2 C<<< cmp >>>
=over
=item (comp op) - compares values textually, gives results -1(lower than), 0 (equal), 1 (greater than), using the Order class
=back
=head2 C<<< comb >>>
=over
=item (string method) - $str.comb(/pattern/) equals $str ~~ m:g/pattern/, except it returns the list of findings, not a match object like .match aka m//; default pattern is rx/./
=back
=head2 C<<< constant >>>
=over
=item (var trait) - makes so declared var (is constant) a real constant
=back
=head2 C<<< contend >>>
=over
=item (block modifier) - marks a block as atomic, concurrent proceses have to wait
=back
=head2 C<<< continue >>>
=over
=item (flow control) - makes execution in a 'given' also try the following 'when' clauses
=back
=head2 C<<< copy >>>
=over
=item (parameter trait) - read-writable copy of the original argument ("pass-by-value")
=back
=head2 C<<< cross >>>
=over
=item (list method) - alias to X operator: @a X @b = (@a; @b).cross
=back
=head2 C<<< crosswith >>>
=over
=item (list method) - alias to X metaoperator: @a X~ @b = (@a; @b).crosswith(&[~]) = (@a; @b).cross.slice.map { .reduce(&[~]) }
=back
=head2 C<<< default >>>
=over
=item (block modifier) - following block will be executed if no when clause in surrounding block matched
=back
=head2 C<<< defer >>>
=over
=item (block modifier) -
=back
=head2 C<<< defined >>>
=over
=item - scalar method tests whether a value has been assigned to a variable
=back
=head2 C<<< delete >>>
=over
=item - removes a key and value from a hash
=back
=head2 C<<< die >>>
=over
=item - stop the program now and print a message on $*ERR
=back
=head2 C<<< dim >>>
=over
=item - array dimensioning
=back
=head2 C<<< div >>>
=over
=item - division, creates fraction objects in Integer context
=back
=head2 C<<< do >>>
=over
=item - executes a block (do once loop)
=back
=head2 C<<< does >>>
=over
=item - checks if an objekt inherits this role
=back
=head2 C<<< dynamic >>>
=over
=item (parameter trait) - parameter is an "environmental" variable, a lexical in the dynamic scope
=back
=head2 C<<< each >>>
=over
=item - variant of all() that promises to do things in order, is Positional/Iterable
=back
=head2 C<<< eager >>>
=over
=item - forces eager evaluation (now), default for scalars
=back
=head2 C<<< elems >>>
=over
=item (array method) - returns number of elements
=back
=head2 C<<< else >>>
=over
=item (block modifier) - introduces the alternative block after an 'if' or 'elsif'
=back
=head2 C<<< elsif >>>
=over
=item (block modifier) - alternative if clause
=back
=head2 C<<< enum >>>
=over
=item - creates a set
=back
=head2 C<<< eq >>>
=over
=item - equal, string comparison
=back
=head2 C<<< equiv >>>
=over
=item (routine trait) - specifies the precedence of an operator same as an existing operator
=back
=head2 C<<< eqv >>>
=over
=item - compares the dynamic state of objects and values, in contrast with static ===
=back
=head2 C<<< err >>>
=over
=item (logical operator) - returns the first defined value from the left
=back
=head2 C<<< eval >>>
=over
=item - just evaluates a string as a program and returns result and maybe error message in @!, second optional parameter defines a parser grammar which should understand the string
=back
=head2 C<<< evalfile >>>
=over
=item - behaves like, and replaces Perl 5 do EXPR, with optional $lang support
=back
=head2 C<<< exists >>>
=over
=item - checks for existence of a variable or hash member, scalar method
=back
=head2 C<<< exit >>>
=over
=item - stops all program execution, and returns Int $status (first parameter) to the calling environment
=back
=head2 C<<< fail >>>
=over
=item - a return call (end this routine) that throws an exception
=back
=head2 C<<< false >>>
=over
=item - boolean value aka Bool::False
=back
=head2 C<<< ff >>>
=over
=item - flip flop operator in the style of awk, formerly .. in scalar context
=back
=head2 C<<< fff >>>
=over
=item - flip flop operator in the style of sed, formerly ... in scalar context
=back
=head2 C<<< flip >>>
=over
=item (string method) - reverses order of characters in strings
=back
=head2 C<<< fmt >>>
=over
=item - method on a scalar, takes a format specifier returns a string, simplified sprintf
=back
=head2 C<<< for >>>
=over
=item (loop block modifier) - only iterates over a list
=back
=head2 C<<< gather >>>
=over
=item (block modifier) - performs the following block once, returns a list of all values passed by 'take'
=back
=head2 C<<< ge >>>
=over
=item (comparison op) - greater than on equal, string comparison
=back
=head2 C<<< get >>>
=over
=item (handle method) - returns a line (item context) or all lines (list context) from that input stream
=back
=head2 C<<< given >>>
=over
=item (block modifier) - case construct puts a value into the context variable for when clauses
=back
=head2 C<<< goto >>>
=over
=item (flow control) - transfer execution to a defined label
=back
=head2 C<<< grammar >>>
=over
=item - special kind of class to hold regex token and rule definitions
=back
=head2 C<<< grep >>>
=over
=item (array op & method) - gives all values of an array that pass a filters condition
=back
=head2 C<<< gt >>>
=over
=item (comparison op) - greater than or equal, string comparison, Bool::True if alphabetically ordered the right comes before the left
=back
=head2 C<<< handles >>>
=over
=item - delegates execution of a function to another method
=back
=head2 C<<< has >>>
=over
=item (scope declarator) - introduces attribute names
=back
=head2 C<<< hash >>>
=over
=item (conext op) - enforces hash-list context, alias to %()
=back
=head2 C<<< hyper >>>
=over
=item - forces none-lazy list context, that ignores the order of results (allowes parallel computing)
=back
=head2 C<<< if >>>
=over
=item (block modifier) - flow control conditional statement or block modifier, executes code only when a condition expression evaluates to true
=back
=head2 C<<< index >>>
=over
=item (string method) - finds the first occurrence of a substring in a string and returns the numerical position, opposite or rindex
=back
=head2 C<<< infix >>>
=over
=item (grammatical category) - operator namespace of ops, that are surrounded by whitespace (\w) between 2 vars or statements ($a + $b)
=back
=head2 C<<< inline >>>
=over
=item (sub trait) -
=back
=head2 C<<< int >>>
=over
=item - extract a whole number value, discarding fractional part
=back
=head2 C<<< invert >>>
=over
=item (hash op & method) - inverts the key => value relation of a pair or a series of pairs (hash)
=back
=head2 C<<< is >>>
=over
=item - bind a traits to a variable
=back
=head2 C<<< item() >>>
=over
=item (conext op) - forces scalar context, alias to $()
=back
=head2 C<<< join >>>
=over
=item (array op & method) - concatenates list elements into a string, optionally inserting another string between the elements
=back
=head2 C<<< key >>>
=over
=item (pair method) - gives the key part of a pair
=back
=head2 C<<< keys >>>
=over
=item (hash method) - returns list of hash keys
=back
=head2 C<<< kv >>>
=over
=item (hash method) - returns list of key-value pairs
=back
=head2 C<<< last >>>
=over
=item (flow control) - exit the current looping block
=item (array method) - number of final element
=back
=head2 C<<< lazy >>>
=over
=item - forces lazy evaluation (as late as possible)
=back
=head2 C<<< lc >>>
=over
=item (string op & method) - make string lowercase
=back
=head2 C<<< lcfirst >>>
=over
=item (string op & method) - make first char of a string lowercase
=back
=head2 C<<< le >>>
=over
=item (comparison op) - lower than or equal, string comparison (see lt, gt, ge)
=back
=head2 C<<< leave >>>
=over
=item (flow control) - exit the current block with a return value
=back
=head2 C<<< leg >>>
=over
=item (comparison op) - lower/equal/greater comparator for text
=back
=head2 C<<< let >>>
=over
=item - changes value of a variable temporary, it will be set back if the current block exits unsuccessfully
=back
=head2 C<<< lines >>>
=over
=item (string method) - returns a chomped list of lines (chunks of character separated by \n) containing a string, $str.lines($limit) equals $input.comb( / ^^ \N* /, $limit )
=item (path method) - reads a file and returns content as array of lines
=item (io op) - returns an lazy iterator over all chomped lines of that input stream
=back
=head2 C<<< lol >>>
=over
=item (conext op) - forces list of list context on a value, meaning a list which values are not contextualized further (can be lists themthelves), opposite of a flattened list
=back
=head2 C<<< loop >>>
=over
=item (loop block modifier) - general flow control command for repetition
=back
=head2 C<<< looser >>>
=over
=item (routine trait) - specifies the precedence of an operator lower than an existing operator
=back
=head2 C<<< lt >>>
=over
=item (comparison op) - lower than, string comparison, Bool::True if alphabetically ordered the left comes before the right
=back
=head2 C<<< m >>>
=over
=item (regex quoting op) - perform a regex based search in place ( stands for match ), similar to rx (quote regex op)
=back
=head2 C<<< macro >>>
=over
=item - define a routine to alter source code at compile time
=back
=head2 C<<< map >>>
=over
=item (array op & method) - take a list, perform a block on each member, return a list of the results Arraymethode
=back
=head2 C<<< match >>>
=over
=item (string method) - method alias to m//, $str.match( /pat/ ) equals $str ~~ s/pat/;, returns a match object
=back
=head2 C<<< max >>>
=over
=item (array op & method) - returns the numerically largest value from a given list
=back
=head2 C<<< maybe >>>
=over
=item (block modifier) -
=back
=head2 C<<< method >>>
=over
=item - defines a method (inheritable routine) in a class
=back
=head2 C<<< min >>>
=over
=item (array op & method) - returns the numerically smallest value from a given list
=back
=head2 C<<< minmax >>>
=over
=item (array op & method) - returns the highest and lowest values from a list, as a 2 item list
=back
=head2 C<<< mod >>>
=over
=item (numeric op) - generic modulo operator
=back
=head2 C<<< module >>>
=over
=item (block modifier) - introduces a module name, a package that performs special actions on loading
=back
=head2 C<<< ms >>>
=over
=item (regex quoting op) - perform a regex based search in place, spaces are just subrule separators, alias to m:s/.../ or m:sigspace /.../
=back
=head2 C<<< multi >>>
=over
=item routine modifier - marks routines with can have sibling with same name but different signature, when called, the one with matching sig is executed (multimethod dispatch)
=back
=head2 C<<< my >>>
=over
=item (scope declarator) - introduces lexically scoped names, which exists only in the current scope (usually a block)
=back
=head2 C<<< new >>>
=over
=item - creates a new object of a class, also name of the automatically called constructor method
=back
=head2 C<<< next >>>
=over
=item (flow control) - start the the next following loop iteration
=back
=head2 C<<< none >>>
=over
=item - return true when a value is not part of a set, junctive NOT operator
=back
=head2 C<<< normalize >>>
=over
=item - (string method) - normalize (repair) Unicode (UTF) string
=back
=head2 C<<< not >>>
=over
=item - logical NOT operator, negates truth value, alternative to ! with lower precedence
=back
=head2 C<<< of >>>
=over
=item (routine trait) - inner type constraint that a routine imposes on its return value, eg subset Month of Int where { 1 <= $^a <= 12 }
=back
=head2 C<<< one >>>
=over
=item - junctive XOR operator
=back
=head2 C<<< only >>>
=over
=item routine modifier - permits only one routine of the same name in this block
=back
=head2 C<<< open >>>
=over
=item (filehandle method) - establishes a connection to a file via a file handler
=back
=head2 C<<< or >>>
=over
=item - logical OR operator
=back
=head2 C<<< ord >>>
=over
=item (string method) - convert charakter into number according a character table, reverse of char
=back
=head2 C<<< orelse >>>
=over
=item - logical OR short circuit operator, transferring an Error code from first to second block/command, if first do not succeed, similar to //
=back
=head2 C<<< our >>>
=over
=item (scope declarator) - introduces package - scoped names
=back
=head2 C<<< pack >>>
=over
=item - repackage values into or from a condensed format
=back
=head2 C<<< package >>>
=over
=item (block modifier) - defines this Block or File as namespace (almost like in Perl 5), some uses are now better to do with "module" and "class"
=back
=head2 C<<< pair >>>
=over
=item (context op) - force pair context
=back
=head2 C<<< pairs >>>
=over
=item (hash method) - returns all contents as an array or pairs (key,value)
=back
=head2 C<<< parcel >>>
=over
=item (parameter trait) - raw reference, will not be contextualized
=back
=head2 C<<< parsed >>>
=over
=item (routine trait) - this macro will be parsed once, it is hygienic, but own and later defined rules can't be applied, opposite of reparsed
=back
=head2 C<<< perl >>>
=over
=item - evaluates the following string or content of the var on which is called this method, functions with "say" like a better Data::Dumper
=back
=head2 C<<< pick >>>
=over
=item (array op & method) - select a number of random vaues
=item (array method) - selects randomly elements from this list, optional parameter says how many
=back
=head2 C<<< pop >>>
=over
=item (array op & method) - removes and returns the last element in an array
=back
=head2 C<<< postcircumfix >>>
=over
=item (grammatical category) - operator namespace of ops, that stay after one statement or variable, but do surround a second (like braces in $a[2])
=back
=head2 C<<< postfix >>>
=over
=item (grammatical category) - operator namespace of ops, that stay after a statement or variable (like $a++)
=back
=head2 C<<< prefix >>>
=over
=item (grammatical category) - operator namespace of ops, that stay before a statement or variable (like ++$a)
=back
=head2 C<<< print >>>
=over
=item - sends characters to an output stream without adding a newline, see 'say'
=back
=head2 C<<< printf >>>
=over
=item - formats text and sends it to standard output
=back
=head2 C<<< prompt >>>
=over
=item - "print"ing text and reading the answer (a line from $*IN - formerly STDIN)
=back
=head2 C<<< proto >>>
=over
=item routine modifier - fallback for multi, if no multi routines signature matches the callers, a proto with same name is executed
=back
=head2 C<<< push >>>
=over
=item (array op & method) - appends a list of values to the end of an array
=back
=head2 C<<< q >>>
=over
=item (quoting op) - simple quoting (slashes and '), alias to '...' and Q :q /.../ and Q :single /.../
=back
=head2 C<<< qq >>>
=over
=item (quoting op) - double quoting, "q" with interpolation of variables, alias to "..." and Q :s, :a, :h, :f, :c, :b /.../ and Q :qq // and Q :double //
=back
=head2 C<<< quasi >>>
=over
=item (block modifier) - quasi quoting, the commented will be compiles and the AST will be returned as result, see also: code
=back
=head2 C<<< quote >>>
=over
=item (grammatical category) - operator namespace, used to define new quoting ops with a macro
=back
=head2 C<<< quote_mod >>>
=over
=item (grammatical category) - operator namespace, used to define new quoting adverbs
=back
=head2 C<<< qw >>>
=over
=item (quoting op) - splits result on words (as in P5), alias to Q :q :w /.../ or <...>
=back
=head2 C<<< qx >>>
=over
=item (quoting op) - execute as command and return results (as in P5), alias to Q :x //
=back
=head2 C<<< rand >>>
=over
=item - generate a floating point random number between 0.0 and 1.0
=back
=head2 C<<< readline >>>
=over
=item - now called 'get', reads from an input stream until the next newline
=back
=head2 C<<< readonly >>>
=over
=item (parameter trait) - immutable parameter
=back
=head2 C<<< redo >>>
=over
=item (flow control) - re-starts processing of the current loop turn
=back
=head2 C<<< reduce >>>
=over
=item (list method) - alias to [ ] metaoperator: [+] @a = @a.reduce(&[+])
=back
=head2 C<<< regex >>>
=over
=item - (routine type) - a pattern definition (without :ratchet and :sigspace), can be put in a grammar, similar to qr/.../ in Perl 5
=back
=head2 C<<< reparsed >>>
=over
=item (routine trait) - after parsing this macro, it will be reparsed, so that not hygienic, but its own and later defined rules can be applied, opposite of "parsed"
=back
=head2 C<<< repeat >>>
=over
=item (loop block modifier) - initial command for while or until loops that have their condtion at the end
=back
=head2 C<<< return >>>
=over
=item (flow control) - leaves a subroutine and sets the return value
=back
=head2 C<<< returns >>>
=over
=item - sub trait describing the type of value produced by a function
=back
=head2 C<<< reverse >>>
=over
=item (array op & method) - returns all the members in the opposite order. Use "flip" to turn a string back to front and "invert" for hashes
=back
=head2 C<<< rindex >>>
=over
=item (string method) - finds the last occurrence of a substring in a string and returns the numerical position, opposite or index
=back
=head2 C<<< role >>>
=over
=item - container for methods that can extend a class using does
=back
=head2 C<<< roll >>>
=over
=item (array method) - selects $n (first parameter) values from an array, duplication can occur (like rolling dice)
=back
=head2 C<<< roundrobin >>>
=over
=item (array method) - kind of zip that ignores empty values: roundrobin([1..3],[1,2],[1]) = 1,1,1,2,2,3
=back
=head2 C<<< rule >>>
=over
=item - alias for "regex :ratchet :sigspace" in a grammar, see regex, token
=back
=head2 C<<< rw >>>
=over
=item (routine trait) - marks a subroutine as returning an lvalue
=item (parameter trait) - mutable parameter (rw stands for: read write)
=back
=head2 C<<< rx >>>
=over
=item (regex quoting op) - creates anonymous regex, that can me then assigned into a var, alias to Q :regex // and regex (block modificator)
=back
=head2 C<<< s >>>
=over
=item (regex quoting op) - perform a substitution based on rx-matches in place, creates anonymous regex, alias to Q :subst // and subst (block modificator)
=back
=head2 C<<< say >>>
=over
=item - a function like print that also appends a newline (\n)
=back
=head2 C<<< seed >>>
=over
=item - initialize a random number generator, optionally with a value
=back
=head2 C<<< sigil >>>
=over
=item (grammatical category) - word to name the namespace for sigils, used to redifine them or define your own with a macro
=back
=head2 C<<< signature >>>
=over
=item (routine trait) - signature of a subroutine. Normally declared implicitly, by providing a parameter list and/or return type
=back
=head2 C<<< sleep >>>
=over
=item - Attempt to sleep for up to Num $for seconds (with sub-second resolution)
=back
=head2 C<<< slurp >>>
=over
=item (path method) - reads an entire file into a string without a file handle
=back
=head2 C<<< special_variable >>>
=over
=item (grammatical category) - namespace to define and redefine special variables with a macro
=back
=head2 C<<< splice >>>
=over
=item (array op & method) - remove on $pos (first parameter) $n (second - optional) values and replace them with values (third - optional)
=back
=head2 C<<< split >>>
=over
=item - makes an array of substrings from a string and a separator
=back
=head2 C<<< sprintf >>>
=over
=item - inserts formated values out of variables into a string like printf, but returns the string instead of outputting it
=back
=head2 C<<< ss >>>
=over
=item (regex quoting op) - performs rx based substitution, spaces are just subrule separators, alias to s:samespace/.../.../, e.g.: ss/teh hsa/the has/;
=back
=head2 C<<< state >>>
=over
=item (scope declarator) - introduces lexically scoped but persistent names (known only in the enclosing block, but retain their values between invocations)
=back
=head2 C<<< sub >>>
=over
=item (block modifier) - defines a subroutine
=back
=head2 C<<< submethod >>>
=over
=item (block modifier) - defines methods, not inherited by subclasses
=back
=head2 C<<< subset >>>
=over
=item - define a subtype, eg subset Month of Int where { 1 <= $^a <= 12 }
=back
=head2 C<<< subst >>>
=over
=item (string method) - method alias to s///, $str.subst( /pat/, "replacement" ) equals $str ~~ s/pat/"replacement/;
=back
=head2 C<<< substr >>>
=over
=item (string method) - the scalar substring function like in Perl 5
=back
=head2 C<<< supersede >>>
=over
=item (scope declarator) - replaces definitions of an existing name, e.g. methods and attributes of a class/grammar
=back
=head2 C<<< take >>>
=over
=item - produces a return value in a gather block
=back
=head2 C<<< temp >>>
=over
=item - defines variables as temporary, synonym for the Perl 5 "local"
=back
=head2 C<<< term >>>
=over
=item (grammatical category) - namespace of terms, used to redifine them or make a new with a macro
=back
=head2 C<<< tighter >>>
=over
=item (routine trait) - specifies the precedence of an operator higher than an existing operator
=back
=head2 C<<< token >>>
=over
=item - kind of regex :ratchet (no backtracking), part of a grammar
=back
=head2 C<<< touch >>>
=over
=item (filehandle method) - update timestamps on a file
=back
=head2 C<<< tr >>>
=over
=item (quoting op) - transliteration (as in Perl 5), translating some character in a string into others, alias to Q :trans ///
=back
=head2 C<<< trans >>>
=over
=item (string method) - method name for tr/// operation, $str.trans( %mapping ) equals $str ~~ tr/%mapping.sort.keys/%mapping.sort.values/;
=back
=head2 C<<< triangle >>>
=over
=item (list method) - alias to [\ ] metaoperator: [\+] @a = @a.triangle(&[+])
=back
=head2 C<<< true >>>
=over
=item (term) - converts value into the boolean context, low precedence alternative to "?"
=item - boolean value aka Bool::True
=back
=head2 C<<< trusts >>>
=over
=item - allows a class the acess to otherwised sealed namespaces
=back
=head2 C<<< twigil >>>
=over
=item (grammatical category) - word to name the namespace for twigils, used to redifine them or define your own with a macro
=back
=head2 C<<< uc >>>
=over
=item - make all string chars uppercase
=back
=head2 C<<< ucfirst >>>
=over
=item - make first char of a string uppercase
=back
=head2 C<<< unless >>>
=over
=item (block modifier) - flow control modifier, opposite of if, runs block if expression is false
=back
=head2 C<<< until >>>
=over
=item (block modifier) - opposite of while, runs block repeatedly is long as expression is false
=back
=head2 C<<< unwrap >>>
=over
=item - remove an enclosing subroutine
=back
=head2 C<<< use >>>
=over
=item - load a module, import definitions, check Perl version
=back
=head2 C<<< value >>>
=over
=item (pair method) - gets value (second) value of a pair
=back
=head2 C<<< values >>>
=over
=item (hash method) - returns an array of just the values
=back
=head2 C<<< want >>>
=over
=item - produces a signature object that provides information about the context from which the current routine was called
=back
=head2 C<<< warn >>>
=over
=item - prints a message on $*ERR
=back
=head2 C<<< when >>>
=over
=item (block modifier) - executes its code block if a 'given' value smartmatches
=back
=head2 C<<< where >>>
=over
=item - defines subtypes of data, eg subset Month of Int where { 1 <= $^a <= 12 }_
=back
=head2 C<<< while >>>
=over
=item (loop block modifier) - flow control modifier runs block repeatedly as long as en expression is true
=back
=head2 C<<< will do >>>
=over
=item (routine trait) - block of code executed when the subroutine is called. Normally declared implicitly, by providing a block after the subroutine's signature definition
=back
=head2 C<<< words >>>
=over
=item (string method) - returns a list of words (chunks of alphanumeric character) containing a string, $input.words($limit) equals $input.comb( / \S+ /, $limit )
=back
=head2 C<<< wrap >>>
=over
=item - creates enveloping subroutine
=back
=head2 C<<< x >>>
=over
=item (scalar string op) - string replicate operator to single string, eg 'ab' x 3 == 'ababab'
=back
=head2 C<<< xor >>>
=over
=item (scalar bool op) - boolean exclusive or operator, only true if only one operand is true
=back
=head2 C<<< xx >>>
=over
=item (scalar string op) - string replicate operator to array, eg 'ab' xx 3 == <ab ab ab>
=back
=head2 C<<< zip >>>
=over
=item (array op & method) - zip operator, joines 2 lists, alias to Z operator @a Z @b = (@a; @b).zip
=back
=head2 C<<< zipwith >>>
=over
=item (list method) - alias to Z metaoperator: @a Z~ @b = (@a; @b).zipwith(&[~]) = (@a; @b).zip.slice.map { .reduce(&[~]) }
=back
=head2 C<<< {} >>>
=over
=item - circumfix operator: encloses blocks and creates a coderef, or a hashref when it is identified as a hash or contains a '=>'
=back
=head2 C<<< | >>>
=over
=item (junctive op) - junctive or, requires that a condition is fulfilled
=item (regex Metachar) - match alternate patterns (OR - connection of patterns)
=back
=head2 C<<< |() >>>
=over
=item (conext op) - flatten capture object into arglist
=back
=head2 C<<< || >>>
=over
=item (logical op) - logical or, evaluates sequentially, ends evaluation at the first expression that returns true
=back
=head2 C<<< ||() >>>
=over
=item (conext op) - flatten capture object into semicolon list
=back
=head2 C<<< ~ >>>
=over
=item (conext op), (string op) - forces string context (stringify) and/or concatenate strings, synonym for cat
=back
=head2 C<<< ~& >>>
=over
=item - characterwise and, forces string context
=back
=head2 C<<< ~< >>>
=over
=item - characterwise left shift, forces string context
=back
=head2 C<<< ~> >>>
=over
=item - characterwise right shift, forces string context
=back
=head2 C<<< ~^ >>>
=over
=item - characterwise xor, forces string context
=back
=head2 C<<< ~| >>>
=over
=item - characterwise or, forces string context
=back
=head2 C<<< ~~ >>>
=over
=item - smartmatch operator, compares (almost) all variable and data types
=back